Downrange: A Survey of China’s Cyber Ranges

China is rapidly building cyber ranges that allow cybersecurity teams to test new tools, practice attack and defence, and evaluate the cybersecurity of a particular product or service. Nineteen Chinese provinces are building, or have built, such facilities, which purposes span from academic to national defence. The presence of these facilities suggests a concerted effort on the part of the government, in partnership with industry and academia, to advance technological research and upskill its cybersecurity workforce. This report examines five of these nineteen facilities that have demonstrable ties to the military or security services.